Fluid-power hammer.



J. NAZEL & R. E. BATES.

FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 21, 1911.

1,084,707, Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

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J. NAZEL & R. E. BATES.

FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLIUATION FILED 1120.21.1911

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FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED nno.21,1911

1 ,O84,707. Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

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JOHN NAZEL AND RALPH E. BATES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; SAID BATESASSIGNOR TO SAID NAZEL.

FLUID-POWER HAMMER.

Application filed December 21, 1911.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

Serial No. 667,200.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that we, JOHN NAZEL and I RALPH E. Bares, citizens of theUnited States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, l county ofPhiladelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvelments in Fluid-Power Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention is a power hammer comprising improved fluid pressuremechanism ,1 for operating the ram continuously, striking a single blowwith continuous pressure, and maintaining the ram in the elevatedposition. j

The characteristic features and advantages of our improvements are fullydisclosed in the following description and the accompanying drawings inillustration thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hammer head embodyingour improvements; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same; Fig.3 is a vertical sectional view transverse to that shown in Fig. 2; Fig.4 is a perspective view of the rotary valve controlling the passagescommunicating with the tops of the power and ram cylinders; Fig. 5 is aperspective view of the rotary valve cont-rolling the passagescommunicating with the bottoms of said cylinders; Fig. 6 is a sectionalview representing the position of the rotary valves for holding the ramelevated; Fig. 7 is a sectional view representing the positions of therotary valves for eflecting the continuous full blow action; and Fig. 8is a sectional view representing the positions of the rotary valves foreffecting the single blow action.

The hammer, as illustrated in the drawings," comprises the standard 1having the head 2 provided with the power cylinder 3 containing thehollow piston i, which works 011 the cylinder 5 fixed to the top of such5 power cylinder, and a ram cylinder G containing the hollow ram 7having the piston 7 which works on the hollow piston 8 fixed to the topof such ram cylinder. The piston 8 communicates through the duct 8 withthe atmosphere and through the passages 8 and 8, connected by thechamber 8, with the interior of the ram 7. The chamber S contains a ball8 adapted to close the passage 3 8 and prevent the escape of air fromthe l interior of the rising ram 7 when such air has been compressedsufliciontly, whereby the upward movement of the ram is checked by anair cushion While air is admitted freely on the downward stroke. Adifferential piston S is fixed on the bottom of the piston 8 and entersthe differential cylinder 7 of the ram as it approaches the upper limitof its stroke, whereby the ram, in its upward movement, is provided witha further check to protect the mechanism against shock and to ainitially accelerate the return movement.

The tops of the cylinders 3 and G are connected by the passages 9 and 9through the cylindrical valve seat 10 which communicates with thepassages 11 and 12, and the bottoms of such cylinders are connected bythe passages 18 and 13 through the cylindrical valve seat 14 whichcommunicates with the passages 15 and 16. Communication between thepassages 9 and 13 by way of the cylinder 6 is established through thepassage 17 of the piston 7 when in its highest position, in whichposition the latter passage registers with the passage 18 of the piston8 which communicates with the passage 9.

The passage 11. communicates with the atmosphere through the ports 19under control of the check valve 20, the latter being automaticallyseated on the ports by the spring 21. engaging its stem 22 and bearing23. The passage 12 communicates with the atmosphere through the passage24. The passage 15 communicates through a connected passage 25 with theend of the valve seat 14 under control of a check valve 26 which isnormally seated by the spring 27 disposed between such valve and thebearing 28. The passage 16 is in constant communication with theatmosphere. The valve seats 10 and 14 are connected by a passage 29.

A cylindrical valve 30, adapted to rotate in the seat 10, is providedwith the port 31 which connnunicates with the passage 9, thecommunicating port 32 adapted for registration with the passages 9 and11, the port 33 adapted for connecting the passage 9 with the passage12, the port 34.- adapted for communication with the passage 9, and thecheck valve 35 which controls the passage 36 by which the ports 31 and32 are adapted to communicate with the passage 29, the valve being heldon its seat by the spring 37 disposed between such valve and the bearing38 in which the valve stem 39 reciprocates.

A. cylindrical valve 40, adapted to rotate in the seat 1 1, is providedwith the port 11 which communicates with the passage 13, the connectedport 42 adapted for communication with the passages 13 and 15, the port43 adapted for connecting the passage 13 with the passage 16, a port 44adapted for connecting the passage 13 with the valve chamber 45, and aport 46 adapted for connecting the passage 29 with the chamber 45.

The valve 30 has a stem 47 with arms'48 and 49 fixed thereto, and thevalve 40 has a stem 50 with the arm 51 fixed thereto and the arm 52journaled thereon, the arms 48 and 51 being connected by a link 53 andthe arms 49 and 52 by the link 54. The arm 51 has fixed thereto a sector55 provided with the stop 56 and the notch 57, and the arm 52 has fixedthereto a sector 58 provided with the stop 59 and notch 60. A lever 61is loosely mounted on the stem 50 and provided with a bolt 62 movablelongitudinally in the guide 63, the bolt having a laterally projectingstud 64 adapted to be set to engage the parts 56, 57, 59 and 60 ashereinafter described. A lever 65 is fulcrumed on the lever 61 andconnected by the link 66 with the bolt 62, a spring 67 connecting thelink and lever 61 to draw back the bolt. lVith this mechanism in theposition shown in Fig. 1, the rotary valves are in the positions shownin Fig. 6 and the ram is held in the elevated position shown in Fig. 2.Upon shifting the lever 61 to the right, the stud 64 being engaged inthe notch 57, the sector is moved thereby, to move the rotary valves tothe continuous full stroke position shown in Fig. 7, the sector actingthrough the stem 50 to turn the valve 40 and through the parts 51, 53,48 and 47 to turn the valve 30, and the movement being limited by theengagement of the stud 64 with the stop 59. With the mechanism in theposition illustrated in Fig. 1, if the lever 65 be pressed toward thelever 61, the stud will be engaged in the notch 60, when, upon throwingthe lever 61 to the right, the sector 58 will be carried therewith untilthe movement is stopped by the engagement of the stud with the stop 56,the sector acting through the parts 52, 54, 49, 47, 48, 53, 51 and 50 toshift the rotary valves to the position shown in Fig. 8.

lVith the mechanism in the position illustrated in Figs. 2 and 6, thedownward stroke of the piston 4 reduces the internal pressure upon thevalve 20, which is opened by the unbalanced external pressure, and airis admitted through the ports 19 to the space above this piston, whileair below the same is expelled through the passages 13, 41, 42, 15, 25,45,44, 13, cylinders 6, passages 17,18, 9, 33, 12, and 24 to theatmosphere; acting to move the ram to or maintain it in the elevatedposition as its lower position effects the closure of the passage 17 andconfines the air below it. The upward stroke of the piston 4 drives theair above it out through the passages 9, 31, 36, 29, 46, 45, 44, 13,

cylinder 6 passages 17, 18, 9, 33, 12 and 24 to the atmosphere; actingto move the ram to or maintain it in the upper position. Therefore, inthis position of the controlling valves, the force of the power pistonin both the forward and reverse stroke is communicated to the undersideof the ram piston to maintain it in the elevated position.

VV ith the valves in the positions illustrated in Fig. 7, the downwardstroke of the piston 4 exhausts air from the passages 9, 31, 32, 9 andthe cylinder 6 above the piston 7 and forces air through the passages13, 41, 42, 13 into the cylinder 6 below the piston 7, whereby the ramis elevated, the compression of the air below the ram piston beingrelieved by discharging through the registering passages 17 and 18 andthe passages 9, 32, 31 and 9 to the space above the piston 4. The upwardstroke of the power piston exhausts air from the passages 13, 41, 42,and 13 and the cylinder 6 below the piston 7 and forces air through thepassages 9, 31, 32, and 9 to the cylinder 6 above such rain piston.Therefore pressure and suction augment gravity in carrying down the ram,which reciprocates continuously and strikes its full blow.

With the valves in the positions illustrated in Fig. 8, the downwardstroke of the piston 4 forces air through the passages 13, e1, 42, 15,25, 45, 4a, 13, 4.3 and 16 to the atmosphere and exhausts the passages9, 31, 32 and 11, whereby the valve 20 is opened and air is admittedthrough the ports 19, the piston 7 being in or falling by gravity to itslower position, since the lower part of the cylinder 6 is now connectedwith the atmosphere through the passages 13, 43 and 16. Upon the upwardstroke of the piston 4, air is forced through the passages 9, 31, 36,34, and 9 to the cylinder 6 above the piston 7, which is held downthereby.

Having described our invention, we claim:

1. In a fluid power hammer, a head comprising a power cylinder, a ramcylinder, a valve seat, a valve movable relatively to said seat,passages connecting said seat with an end of each of saidcylinders,'said passages being controlled by said valve, a second valveseat, a valve movable relatively to said second seat, passagesconnecting said second seat with an end of each of said cylinders, and apassage connecting said seats and controlled by said valves.

2. In a fluid power hammer, a head comprising a power cylinder, a ramcylinder, a cylindrical valve seat, a rotary valve in said seat,passages connecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a passageconnecting said seat with the atmosphere, and a check valve controllingsaid last named passage and adapted to prevent the escape of motivefluid therethrough.

3. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ramcylinder and a piston therein, a cylindrical valve seat, passagesconnecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, passages connectingsaid seat with the atmosphere, a check valve preventing escape of motivefluid through one of said last named passages, and a valve in said seatfor controlling said passages.

4. In a tluid power hammer, a power cyl inder and a piston therein, aram cylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat and passages connectingsaid seat with an end of each of said cylinders, a second valve seat andpassages connecting said second seat with an end of each of saidcylinders, passages connccting said seats with the atmosphere, andvalves in said seats for controlling said passages.

In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ramcylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat and passages connecting saidseat with ends of said cylinders, a second valve seat and passagesconnecting said seat with other ends of said cylinders, a passageconnecting said valve seats, a check valve for controlling said lastnamed passage, and valves in said seats for controlling the passagesconnected therewith.

(J. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, aram cylinder and a piston therein. a valve seat and passages connectingsaid seat with the tops of said cylinders, a second valve seat andpassages connecting said second seat with the bottoms of said cylinders,distinct passages whereby said seats are connected, and valves in saidseats whereby the passages connected therewith are controlled.

7 In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ramcylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat and passages connecting saidseat with the tops of said cylinders, a passage connecting said seatwith the atmosphere, a second valve seat and passages connecting saidsecond seat with the bottoms of said cylinders, a passageconnecting saidsecond seat with the atmosphere, a passage connecting said seats, andvalves in said seats for controlling said passages.

8. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ramcylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat, passages connecting saidseat with the tops of said cylinders, passages connecting said seat withthe atmosphere, a check valve for controlling one of said last namedpassages, a second valve seat, passages connecting said second seat withthe bottoms of said cylinders, a passage connecting said second seatwith the atmosphere, a passage connecting said seats, a check valve forcontrolling said last named passage, and valves in said seats torcontrolling said passages.

9. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ramcylinder and a piston therein, a cylindrical valve seat, passagesconnecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a second cylindricalvalve seat, passages connecting said seat with other ends of saidcylinders, rotary valves in said seats for controlling said passages,and means for operatin said valves in unison, said means comprising apair of sectors, a lever and mechanism whereby said lever can be engagedto either of said sectors.

10. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, aram cylinder and a piston therein, a cylindrical valve seat, passagesconnecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a second cylindricalvalve seat, passages connecting said second seat with ends of saidcylinders, rotary valves in said seats for controlling said passages,and means for operating said valves, said means comprising arms fixed toone of said valves, a pair of sectors one of which is fixed and theother of which is movable relatively to the other of said valves,devices for connecting said sectors to said arms, a lever, and mechanismwhereby said lever is adapted to move either of said sectors and themovement stopped by the other of said sectors.

1.1,. A fluid power hammer comprising a cylinder, a power pistontherein, a second cylinder, a ram having a piston head disposed in saidsecond cylinder, and means comprising valve mechanism for admittingmotive fluid from said. first cylinder to said second cylinder upon oneside of said piston head upon the movement of said power piston ineither direction.

12. A fluid power hammer comprising a cylinder, a power piston therein,a second cylinder, a ram having a piston head disposed in said secondcylinder, and means comprising adjustable valve mechanism for admittingmotive fluid from said first to said second cylinder, said valvemechanism in one position thereof admitting motive fluid from said firstcylinder to said second cylinder upon one side of said piston head uponthe movement of said power piston in either direction, and said valvemechanism in a second position thereof admitting motive fluid from saidfirst cylinder to said second cylinder alternately upon opposite sidesof said piston head upon the reciprocation ot said power piston.

13. A fluid power hammer comprising a cylinder, a power piston therein,a second cylinder, a ram having a piston head disposed in said secondcylinder, and means comprising adjustable valve mechanism for admittingmotive fluid from said first to said second cylinder, said valvemechanism in one position thereof admitting motive fluid from said firstto said second cylinder on one side of said piston head upon themovement of said poWer piston in one direction, said valve mechanism ina second position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first to saidsecond cylinder on the opposite 5 side of said piston upon the movementof said power piston in either direction, and said valve mechanism in athird position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first cylinderto said second cylinder alter- 10 nately upon opposite sides of saidpiston head upon the reciprocation of said power piston.

14. A fluid poWcr hammer comprising a cylinder a ram having a pistonhead dis- 15 posed in said cylinder means comprising Valve mechanism foradmitting motive fluid to said cylinder alternately on opposite sides ofsaid piston head and means for permitting the escape of motive fluidfrom said cylinder as said ram approaches a limit of 20 its stroke.

In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our names this 13th day ofDecember, 1911, in the presence of the subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN NAZEL. RALPH E. BATES.

l/Vitnesses C. H. VVACKEMAGEL, H. W. WVIMER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. G.

